Industry
Real life example (Business name omitted for confidentiality)
Type of demand
Heating + Hot water + Electricity
Number of occupants
200
Electricity demand
200,000 kWh/year
Existing System
Gas boiler
Location
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Gas price
EUR 1.4/m3
Electricity price
EUR 0.30/kWh
Maximum panels on given roof
150
Solution details
Thermal capacity (kWp)
Solar Electrical capacity (kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
Roof use / Energy savings
205.8
57.0
Heat pump
60
Cost savings
0
66.75
Existing system
0
CO2 savings
205.8
57.0
Heat pump
70
Solution details
Thermal capacity
(kWp)
Electrical capacity
(kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
Roof use / Energy savings
205.8
57.0
Heat pump
60
Thermal capacity
(kWp)
Electrical capacity
(kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
Cost savings
0
66.75
Existing system
0
Thermal capacity
(kWp)
Electrical capacity
(kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
CO2 savings
205.8
57.0
Heat pump
70
Solution details
Roof use / Energy savings
| Thermal capacity (kWp) | 205.8 |
| Solar Electrical capacity (kWp) | 57.0 |
| Auxiliary system | Heat pump |
| Auxiliary system capacity (kWp) | 60 |
Cost savings
| Thermal capacity (kWp) | 0 |
| Solar Electrical capacity (kWp) | 66.75 |
| Auxiliary system | Existing system |
| Auxiliary system capacity (kWp) | 0 |
CO2 savings
| Thermal capacity (kWp) | 205.8 |
| Solar Electrical capacity (kWp) | 57.0 |
| Auxiliary system | Heat pump |
| Auxiliary system capacity (kWp) | 70 |
Roof use optimization favors a PVT and heat pump solution, as PVT panels produce the most energy per square meter.
Cost optimization favors a PV solution because it has the lowest CAPEX and because electricity prices are double those of heat.
CO2 optimization results in a PVT+PV+HP solution, as it considers both heat and electricity emission factors with the latter being higher than the former.
KPI’s
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings
(%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
Roof use / Energy savings
205.8%
56%
43%
1,218,206
614
Cost savings
856.2%
14%
18.2%
583,764
212
CO2 savings
201.4%
56.3%
44%
1,216,433
614
KPI’s
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings (%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
Roof use / Energy savings
205.8%
56%
43%
1,218,206
614
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings (%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
Cost savings
856.2%
14%
18.2%
583,764
212
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings (%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
CO2 savings
201.4%
56.3%
44%
1,216,433
614
KPI’s
Roof use / Energy savings
| Return on investment (ROI) | 205.8% |
| Renewable energy share (%) | 56% |
| CO2 Savings (%) | 43% |
| Total cost savings over life-span (EUR) | 1,218,206 |
| Total energy delivered (kWh/m2) | 614 |
Cost savings
| Return on investment (ROI) | 856.2% |
| Renewable energy share (%) | 14% |
| CO2 Savings (%) | 18.2% |
| Total cost savings over life-span (EUR) | 583,764 |
| Total energy delivered (kWh/m2) | 212 |
CO2 savings
| Return on investment (ROI) | 201.4% |
| Renewable energy share (%) | 56.3% |
| CO2 Savings (%) | 44% |
| Total cost savings over life-span (EUR) | 1,216,433 |
| Total energy delivered (kWh/m2) | 614 |
Business users can choose their preferred energy solution which matches their environmental, economic and efficiency requirements.
In this case, the business user opted for the cost optimization as it offered significant financial savings despite utilizing the lowest share of renewable energy sources and CO2 savings.
Total Cost Savings: Net difference between the current energy system costs and costs from renewable energy sources after O&M costs over the system’s lifespan.
Return on Investment: (Total cost savings – Initial investment)/Initial investment)
Renewable Energy Share (RES): The percentage of total energy demand met by renewable sources e.g. heat and electricity.
CO2 Savings: Reduction in CO2 emissions due to renewable energy use.
Total Energy Delivered (kWh/m²): The amount of solar energy produced per square meter of useable/panel area.
Other case studies
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Tess Broos
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Tess Broos
Renewable energy engineer with a MSc in Building Physics and Services.
tess@makt.tech
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