Industry
Real life example (Business name omitted for confidentiality)
Type of demand
Hot water + Electricity
Heating demand flow rate
1,000 Liters per hour
Purpose of heating
Process heating and cleaning
Existing System
Electric boiler
Location
Milan, Italy
Electricity demand
600,000/kWh
Electricity price
EUR 0.22/kWh
Maximum panels on given roof
500
Solution details
Thermal capacity (kWp)
Solar Electrical capacity (kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
Roof use / Energy savings
690
183
Heat pump
140
Cost savings
140
186
Heat pump
170
CO2 savings
674
184
Heat pump
120
Solution details
Thermal capacity (kWp)
Electrical capacity (kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
Roof use / Energy savings
690
183
Heat pump
140
Thermal capacity (kWp)
Electrical capacity (kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
Cost savings
140
186
Heat pump
170
Thermal capacity (kWp)
Electrical capacity (kWp)
Auxiliary system
Auxiliary system capacity (kWp)
CO2 savings
674
184
Heat pump
120
Solution details
Roof use / Energy savings
| Thermal capacity (kWp) | 690 |
| Solar Electrical capacity (kWp) | 183 |
| Auxiliary system | Heat pump |
| Auxiliary system capacity (kWp) | 140 |
Cost savings
| Thermal capacity (kWp) | 140 |
| Solar Electrical capacity (kWp) | 186 |
| Auxiliary system | Heat pump |
| Auxiliary system capacity (kWp) | 170 |
CO2 savings
| Thermal capacity (kWp) | 674 |
| Solar Electrical capacity (kWp) | 184 |
| Auxiliary system | Heat pump |
| Auxiliary system capacity (kWp) | 120 |
The Solution details table compares the outcomes for various scenarios, considering a large electricity demand and high electricity-based heating with high energy prices.
All optimization results lead to a PV+PVT+HP solution, differing only in capacity depending on the objective.
KPI’s
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings
(%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
Roof use / Energy savings
322.4%
64%
63.6%
5,129,436
666
Cost savings
958.3%
54%
53.7%
4,669,969
362
CO2 savings
344.6%
64%
64%
5,149,863
665
KPI’s
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings (%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
Roof use / Energy savings
322.4%
64%
63.6%
5,129,436
666
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings (%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
Cost savings
958.3%
54%
53.7%
4,669,969
362
Return on investment (ROI)
Renewable energy share (%)
CO2 Savings (%)
Total cost savings over life-span (EUR)
Total energy delivered (kWh/m2)
CO2 savings
344.6%
64%
64%
5,149,863
665
KPI’s
Roof use / Energy savings
| Return on investment (ROI) | 322.4% |
| Renewable energy share (%) | 64% |
| CO2 Savings (%) | 63.6% |
| Total cost savings over life-span (EUR) | 5,129,436 |
| Total energy delivered (kWh/m2) | 666 |
Cost savings
| Return on investment (ROI) | 958.3% |
| Renewable energy share (%) | 54% |
| CO2 Savings (%) | 53.7% |
| Total cost savings over life-span (EUR) | 4,669,969 |
| Total energy delivered (kWh/m2) | 362 |
CO2 savings
| Return on investment (ROI) | 344.6% |
| Renewable energy share (%) | 64% |
| CO2 Savings (%) | 64% |
| Total cost savings over life-span (EUR) | 5,149,863 |
| Total energy delivered (kWh/m2) | 665 |
Business users can choose their preferred energy solution which matches their environmental, economic and efficiency requirements.
In this example, the business user opted for cost optimization solution based on PV+PVT+HP, as it offered significant financial advantage while utilizing large share of renewable energy sources and generating considerable CO2 savings.
Total Cost Savings: Net difference between the current energy system costs and costs from renewable energy sources after O&M costs over the system’s lifespan.
Return on Investment: (Total cost savings – Initial investment)/Initial investment)
Renewable Energy Share (RES): The percentage of total energy demand met by renewable sources e.g. heat and electricity.
CO2 Savings: Reduction in CO2 emissions due to renewable energy use.
Total Energy Delivered (kWh/m²): The amount of solar energy produced per square meter of useable/panel area.
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Tess Broos
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Tess Broos
Renewable energy engineer with a MSc in Building Physics and Services.
tess@makt.tech
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